What exactly is meant by IVF and ICSI?
In Vitro Fertilization and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection are the techniques of doing fertilization process (fusion of egg and sperm) in laboratory conditions outside the human body. After successful fertilization, embryo is formed which is transferred back into the healthy uterus. This is followed by natural process of implantation (embedding of embryo into uterine lining) that leads to a successful conception and pregnancy!
Fertilization is a very crucial step in the biology of conception and majority of complex infertility cases are struggling at this step of reproduction and hence these reproductive techniques can help couples in achieving pregnancy .
When is IVF/ICSI treatment needed?
- Blocked and damaged fallopian tubes
- Poor sperm parameters
- Severe Endometriosis
- Low ovarian reserve
- Refractory PCOS
- Unexplained Infertility
IVF V/S ICSI
Unlike conventional IVF, where sperm fertilizes the egg naturally in a laboratory glass dish, ICSI involves the direct injection of a single healthy sperm into each mature egg using a specialized microscope and fine needle. This precise technique significantly increases the chances of fertilization. It is especially indicated for complex cases of male factor infertility, low sperm count, poor motility, or previous IVF failures.
STEPS OF IVF/ICSI
Broadly the process involves harvesting mature eggs from ovaries, fertilization of egg with sperm in laboratory, resultant embryos that are formed are placed inside the uterus followed by hormonal support
Step 1 – OVARIAN STIMULATION
The female partner undergoes controlled ovarian stimulation to produce multiple follicles/ eggs. This is achieved by administering hormone injections for around 10 to 12 days. This process is monitored by doing serial ultrasounds and blood tests as required.
Step 2 – OOCYTE RETRIEVAL
Once the follicles are ready a trigger injection (for maturation of eggs) is given. At 36 hours after the injection a short procedure of egg collection is done under anesthesia using vaginal route of ultrasound that involves needling and aspiration of follicular fluid containing eggs into glass test tubes (hence the name TEST TUBE BABIES !!)
STEP 3 – FERTILISATION
Male partner gives semen sample on the day of egg retrieval, they are fertilized with the eggs from female partner in the IVF lab. This process is done under highly specialized environment that involves use of human expertise and modern technology. After fertilization occurs, the embryos are carefully monitored for growth and quality for over 2 to 5 days (Day 5 embryos are called Blastocysts and are supposedly the strongest embryos!)
STEP 4 – EMBRYO TRANSFER
The best-quality embryo is then selected and transferred into the woman’s uterus using a thin catheter, access is via vaginal route through cervix, done under ultrasound guidance with full bladder. It is an important final step of IVF cycle yet a simple day care procedure which does not require anesthesia.
STEP 5 – HORMONE SUPPORT AND PREGNANCY TEST
After this step the embryo will implant by itself into the uterine lining and to support this patient is given hormones in the form of tablets and injections to support implantation (Luteal phase support) The pregnancy will be tested by doing a blood sample for serum BHCG after 12 to 14 days.
IVF-ICSI is highly effective treatment modality and has helped many couples achieve their dream of parenthood, particularly those with complex fertility issues.
The procedure is safe, minimally invasive, and tailored to each patient’s medical condition, ensuring personalized care and improved outcomes. However, the success of IVF-ICSI depends on various factors such as age, overall health, and underlying fertility concerns.
For expert guidance, accurate diagnosis, and advanced fertility treatment, it is important to consult an experienced specialist. If you are considering IVF-ICSI or facing difficulties in conceiving, consult Dr. Smita Jain, a trusted IVF specialist, who can provide comprehensive evaluation and customized treatment plans to help you on your journey toward parenthood.